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MCSL Summer Short Course 2008:
Essentials of Color Science
June 3-6, 2008
Overview |
Course Outlines |
About the Instructors |
Download the 2008 brochure
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2008 INFORMATION
Day 1 - June 3
Color Perception & Appearance (Fairchild)
This lecture will provide a description of how humans perceive color, introduce the terminology used to scientifically describe color perceptions, review a few color order systems, and demonstrate various color appearance phenomena. Throughout the lecture, various demonstrations of phenomena such as simultaneous contrast, chromatic adaptation, and discounting the illuminant will be presented and explained. The stage for the course will be set by describing just what it is that color scientists are trying to understand, quantify, and produce - color perceptions.
The Visual System (Ferwerda)
The structure and function of the visual system
will be described, demonstrating how information
presented to the eye is processed. Functional aspects of
vision such as pattern, color, motion, and depth perception will be discussed in
order to understand the capabilities and limitations of human visual performance.
Basic Colorimetery: Tristimulus Values (Fairchild)
Colorimetry, a synthesis of "color" and "Metrien" (Greek, to measure), is a numerical method of color specification. This lecture will trace the origins of colorimetry up through the derivation of XYZ tristimulus values and xy chromaticity coordinates from the fundamental visual matching experiments and resulting color-matching functions that serve as the building blocks of modern colorimetry. The mathematical manipulation of tristimulus values expressed in various primary systems for practical applications will also be presented.
Basic Colorimetry: CIELAB (Berns)
Colors match when their tristimulus values are equal for a defined set of viewing and illuminating conditions. When they don't match, tristimulus differences correlate poorly with visual differences. Approximately uniform color spaces were developed to improve the correlation. Today, CIE L*a*b*, or CIELAB, is used by most industries to define a color numerically. The derivation and proper use of CIELAB will be presented.
Day 2 - June 4
Spectrophotometry and Spectroradiometry (Wyble)
Instrumental measurement is fundamental to nearly all branches of color science. This lecture will cover the basic operation and construction of spectrophotometers and spectroradiometers including the recommended CIE geometries for reflectance and transmittance. To evaluate instruments, the concepts of precision and accuracy of measurement devices will be introduced. Last, we will discuss the typical applications of instruments for the various geometries.
Color Differences Equations & Tolerances (Berns)
CIELAB, as an approximately uniform color space, has poor correlation for small color differences, typical of many industries. This has led to the notion of a weighted color-difference equation; CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000 are all examples. This lecture will show how weighted color-difference equations are derived. The development of CIEDE2000 will also be presented.
Interactive Spectrophotometry (Wyble & Fairchild)
This session will feature demonstrations of spectrophotometric concepts and procedures. Demonstrations will include a spectrum projector to visually illustrate the function of spectrophotometers, evaluation of accuracy and precision evaluation, and a technique to improve inter-instrument agreement. Specific measurement problems of the course participants will be addressed in an interactive, indepth manner.
Digital Color Imaging Systems (Rosen)
Digital technologies for capture and delivery of color will be introduced.
These include digital cameras, scanner, displays including projectors and
printers.
Evening Reception and Open Laboratories (all)
This evening session will be a reception for all course participants and an open house of the MCSL research and teaching facilities. Participants will have the opportunity to learn from each other and the MCSL faculty/staff in an informal setting. Activities will include tours, research demonstrations, opportunities to participate in experiments, informal problem solving, enlightening discussions, and light refreshments.
Day 3 - June 5
Instrumental-Based Color Matching (Berns)
Using spectrophotometry, color modeling, and optimization, colorant recipes can be predicted to produce a match to a desired color. This process is known as instrumental-based color matching, or colorant formulation. A color model defines the relationship between a colorant recipe and the resulting color, defined spectrally. The Beer-Bouguer and Kubelka-Munk models will be described to model transparent and opaque materials, respectively. Spectral and colorimetric matching algorithms, used to predict the recipe, will be derived. Quality criteria such as metamerism, color constancy, and reproducibility will be described. Demonstrations will include an Excel spreadsheet for a look "under the hood" of how commercial software predicts matches.
Color Management Systems (Rosen)
A color reproduction system is complete only when system components interact so final output represents original input. The modern solution is the Color Management System (CMS). Form and function of the various parts of a CMS will be described along with a system overview.
Psychophysics and Applications (Ferwerda)
A range of psychophysical methods have been developed
that allow the quantitative assessment of visual perception.
These methods will be introduced with an emphasis on
how they can be used to evaluate image quality and color tolerance.
Color Appearance Models (Fairchild)
Color appearance models extend the systems of basic colorimetry, such as XYZ and CIELAB, to the prediction of the appearance of stimuli across wider ranges of viewing conditions. Such models have applications that include cross-media color reproduction, evaluation of metamerism, and color rendering. This lecture will describe the basic structure of color appearance models and provide an overview of the recent CIE color appearance model, CIECAM02.
Day 4 - June 6
Spectral Imaging (Berns)
Conventional trichromatic imaging (i.e., "RGB") can have a wide range of colorimetric accuracy and is always constrained by metamerism. For color-critical, scientific, and archival applications, trichromatic imaging is often insufficient. Spectral imaging alleviates these limitations. This lecture will explore current spectral imaging techniques and applications for quality-critical color reproduction (i.e., spectral color reproduction) and scientific-based digital archives. The spectral imaging of artwork and its rendering on display and print is a current research program at MCSL. See www.art-si.org).
Realistic Image Synthesis (Ferwerda)
Computer graphics techniques can produce synthetic images that are indistinguishable from images of real scenes. This lecture will provide an overview of the image synthesis process and will describe how synthetic images can be used for simulation, design, and testing in a range of disciplines.
Image Appearance Models (Fairchild)
Current research in human color perception aims to combine models of color appearance with models of spatial and temporal vision. Such models, sometimes referred to as image appearance models, can be used to measure image quality, reproduce images in complex dynamic environments, and render high-dynamic-range still and video images. This lecture includes an introduction to the concepts of image appearance modeling and an overview of one model, known as iCAM, being developed and tested at the Munsell Color Science Laboratory.
Open Question & Answers (All)
he final session of the course will be an open question and answer session with all of the instructors. This will provide an opportunity for additional discussions both amongst the whole class and as informal one-on-one exchanges. There will also be one last opportunity to tour the MCSL facilities for anyone unable to attend the evening session on day 2.
Overview |
Course Outlines |
About the Instructors
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